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Experimental models for contamination of titanium surfaces and disinfection protocols
Author(s) -
Sousa Vanessa,
Mardas Nikos,
Spratt David,
Boniface David,
Dard Michel,
Donos Nikolaos
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
clinical oral implants research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.407
H-Index - 161
eISSN - 1600-0501
pISSN - 0905-7161
DOI - 10.1111/clr.12735
Subject(s) - peri implantitis , biofilm , microcosm , titanium , chemistry , in vivo , dentistry , contamination , microbiology and biotechnology , surgery , medicine , biology , implant , bacteria , environmental chemistry , ecology , organic chemistry , genetics
Aim The aim of this pilot study was to describe an in vitro model of peri‐implantitis microcosm for contamination of titanium surfaces and an in vivo model for evaluating different disinfection strategies of titanium surfaces. Materials and methods Biofilms were grown in vitro for 30 days on sandblasted large‐grit acid‐etched (SLA) T i discs ( n = 69) in a constant depth film fermentor ( CDFF ) associated with peri‐implantitis conditions. Four S wedish loop rabbits were randomly allocated in three test groups (T 1 , T 2 , T 3 ) and one control group ( C ). In group C , two sterile SLA T i discs were implanted/fixed in each tibia. In the test groups (to evaluate the potential of different surface disinfection techniques), one sterile and three previously disinfected SLA T i discs were placed following different disinfection protocols: group T 1 : the discs were treated with a titanium brush – T i B ; group T 2 : the discs were treated with the combination of T i B and photodynamic therapy; and group T 3 : the discs were treated with T i B and 1%NaOCl plus 0.2%CHX. Tensile strength test and qualitative histological analysis were performed on all 16 discs after 4 weeks of healing. Results Thirty days following CDFF emulating peri‐implantitis microcosm, all SLA T i discs had a mean total viable aerobes and facultative anaerobes count of 8.06 log 10 CFU /biofilm and anaerobes 8.32 log 10 CFU /biofilm. Before implantation/fixation on the tibia, differences of log 10 CFU /biofilm counts between control and test groups after post hoc adjustment were highly significant ( P < 0.001). In the in vivo analysis, group C exhibited the highest tensile strength (67.60 N [25.64–127.02]) and the histological sections revealed the presence of dense mature bone in direct contact with the disc surface. The analysis at the test groups showed that T 2 presented with the highest tensile strength in comparison with the other two test groups. Conclusions The in vitro model used in this study provides a valuable and reproducible tool for evaluating the in vitro dynamics of the peri‐implantitis microcosm biofilm and for contaminating in a reproducible manner titanium surfaces. At the same time, the in vivo model used in this study provides a standardised mode of evaluating disinfection modalities of previously infected titanium surfaces.