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Analysis of P . gingivalis, T . forsythia and S . aureus levels in edentulous mouths prior to and 6 months after placement of one‐piece zirconia and titanium implants
Author(s) -
Siddiqi Allauddin,
Milne Trudy,
Cullinan Mary P.,
Seymour Gregory J.
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
clinical oral implants research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.407
H-Index - 161
eISSN - 1600-0501
pISSN - 0905-7161
DOI - 10.1111/clr.12536
Subject(s) - forsythia , tannerella forsythia , staphylococcus aureus , porphyromonas gingivalis , bacteria , dentistry , microbiology and biotechnology , implant , tongue , medicine , chemistry , periodontitis , biology , surgery , pathology , honeysuckle , alternative medicine , traditional chinese medicine , genetics
Background It has been suggested that completely edentulous patients harbour fewer periodontopathic bacteria compared with dentate patients, due to the removal of the subgingival periodontal environment. However, reappearance of certain microbes has been reported after the placement of implants in these patients. Aim The aim of this study was to determine whether the periodontopathic bacteria P orphyromonas gingivalis and T annerella forsythia , as well as the non‐periodontopathic bacterium, S taphylococcus aureus , emerged in edentulous patients 6 months after placement of one‐piece zirconia and titanium implants. Materials and methods Twenty‐six patients were included in the study (titanium = 13, zirconia = 13). Microbial samples were collected from the tongue prior to implant placement and 6 months after implant placement from both the tongue and from around the implants. A q RT ‐ PCR assay using SYBR green/ ROX chemistry was used for the detection and quantification of rgp, nuc and karilysin single‐copy gene of P . gingivalis , T . forsythia and S . aureus, respectively. Positive controls used in the study were pure bacterial g DNA purified from cultures of P . gingivalis and S . aureus , a cloned sequence of the karilysin gene for T . forsythia , a plaque sample positive for P . gingivalis and T . forsythia , and nasal gDNA for S . aureus . Results The results show that prior to implant placement, all three bacterial species were below the lower limit of quantification in all edentulous patients. The samples collected from the tongue and around the implants remained below the lower limit of quantification for each of the three species. However, all positive controls used in the study were detectable in the samples. q PCR standard curves showed correlation coefficients >0.97 and efficiencies >94.5% (slope range −3.19 to −3.46) for each of the SYBR green PCR assays. Conclusion The results of this study indicate that the tested organisms did not emerge 6 months after implant placement irrespective of the nature of the implant biomaterial. A further follow‐up of at least 2 years post‐implantation of these patients is suggested to determine whether there are any changes in the oral microbiota and whether such changes are associated with the development of peri‐implant disease.