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In vitro assessment of artifacts induced by titanium, titanium–zirconium and zirconium dioxide implants in cone‐beam computed tomography
Author(s) -
SanchoPuchades Manuel,
Hämmerle Christoph H. F.,
Benic Goran I.
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
clinical oral implants research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.407
H-Index - 161
eISSN - 1600-0501
pISSN - 0905-7161
DOI - 10.1111/clr.12438
Subject(s) - titanium , implant , cone beam computed tomography , materials science , zirconium , zirconium dioxide , dental implant , titanium dioxide , dentistry , computed tomography , biomedical engineering , composite material , medicine , metallurgy , surgery
Aim The aim of this study was to test whether or not the intensity of artifacts around implants in cone‐beam computed tomography ( CBCT ) differs between titanium, titanium–zirconium and zirconium dioxide implants. Materials and methods Twenty models of a human mandible, each containing one implant in the single‐tooth gap position 45, were cast in dental stone. Five test models were produced for each of the following implant types: titanium 4.1 mm diameter (Ti 4.1 ), titanium 3.3 mm diameter (Ti 3.3 ), titanium–zirconium 3.3 mm diameter (TiZr 3.3 ) and zirconium dioxide 3.5–4.5 mm diameter (ZrO 3.5–4.5 ) implants. For control purposes, three models without implants were produced. Each model was scanned using a CBCT device. Gray values ( GV ) were recorded at eight circumferential positions around the implants at 0.5 mm, 1 mm and 2 mm from the implant surface ( GV T est ). GV were assessed in the corresponding volumes of interest ( VOI ) in the control models without implants ( GV C ontrol ). Differences of gray values (Δ GV ) between GV T est and GV C ontrol were calculated as percentages. One‐way ANOVA and post hoc tests were applied to detect differences between implant types. Results Mean Δ GV for ZrO 3.5–4.5 presented the highest absolute values, generally followed by TiZr 3.3 , Ti 4.1 and Ti 3.3 implants. The differences of Δ GV between ZrO 3.5–4.5 and the remaining groups were statistically significant in the majority of the VOI ( P ≤ 0.0167). Δ GV for TiZr 3.3 , Ti 4.1 and Ti 3.3 implants did not differ significantly in the most VOI . For all implant types, Δ GV showed positive values buccally, mesio‐buccally, lingually and disto‐lingually, whereas negative values were detected mesially and distally. Conclusions Zirconium dioxide implants generate significantly more artifacts as compared to titanium and titanium–zirconium implants. The intensity of artifacts around zirconium dioxide implants exhibited in average the threefold in comparison with titanium implants.