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Assessment of periodontal and opportunistic flora in patients with peri‐implantitis
Author(s) -
Albertini Matteo,
LópezCerero Lorena,
O'Sullivan Manuel G.,
Chereguini Carlos F.,
Ballesta Sofia,
Ríos Vicente,
HerreroCliment Mariano,
Bullón Pedro
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
clinical oral implants research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.407
H-Index - 161
eISSN - 1600-0501
pISSN - 0905-7161
DOI - 10.1111/clr.12387
Subject(s) - tannerella forsythia , prevotella intermedia , peri implantitis , treponema denticola , medicine , actinobacillus , aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans , bleeding on probing , periodontitis , dentistry , eikenella corrodens , gingival and periodontal pocket , porphyromonas gingivalis , microbiology and biotechnology , implant , biology , bacteria , pathology , surgery , honeysuckle , alternative medicine , traditional chinese medicine , genetics
Abstract Aim To assess the presence of periodontal and opportunistic organisms in patients with peri‐implantitis. Material and methods Thirty‐three partially edentulous subjects (22 women, 11 men), aged 32–90 years, who had one or more implants with peri‐implantitis were included. Peri‐implantitis was defined as: (i) the presence of bleeding on probing and/or suppuration and (ii) radiographic images showed marginal bone loss >1.8 mm after 1 year in function. Criteria for inclusion were: (i) partially edentulous patients having at least one implant diagnosed with peri‐implantitis; (ii) no antibiotic therapy for 6 months prior to clinical examination. Following this definition, a total of 48 implants were diagnosed with peri‐implantitis. Subgingival bacterial samples were obtained with sterile paper points from infected implants and selected teeth of each individual. Periodontopathogens ( Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Tannerella forsythia and Treponema denticola ) were detected by multiplex PCR targeting 16S rDNA. Samples were placed in reduced transport medium and cultured for opportunistic pathogens ( Staphylococcus aureus, enteric bacteria, Pseudomonas and yeasts ). Results Twenty‐two patients yielded positive results for P. gingivalis , 25 for T. forsythia, eight for P. intermedia and 13 for T. denticola . None of the patients yielded a positive result for A. actinomycetemcomitans . Non‐periodontal species were found in five patients (15% of total). P. aeruginosa was found in four (12%) patients, and C. albicans (3%) and S. aureus in one patient (3%) each. In two cases of peri‐implantitis, none of the periodontal or opportunistic microorganisms studied were detected in either implant or tooth samples. When results of the periodontopathic bacteria from the implant and tooth samples of the same patient were compared, 18 patients (54%) showed the same results for both samples and 15 (45%) patients different results. Conclusions The implant surface may be colonized with pathogens different from periodontal bacteria. Opportunistic pathogens such as P. aeruginosa, S. aureus and C. albicans may be associated with implant failure.