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Early molecular assessment of osseointegration in humans
Author(s) -
Thalji Ghadeer N.,
Nares Salvador,
Cooper Lyndon F.
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
clinical oral implants research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.407
H-Index - 161
eISSN - 1600-0501
pISSN - 0905-7161
DOI - 10.1111/clr.12266
Subject(s) - fibrillogenesis , osseointegration , downregulation and upregulation , gene expression , extracellular matrix , microbiology and biotechnology , implant , microarray , microarray analysis techniques , gene expression profiling , chemistry , nanotopography , gene , biology , medicine , biochemistry , surgery , fibril
Objective To determine the early temporal‐wide genome transcription regulation by the surface topography at the bone–implant interface of implants bearing microroughened or superimposed nanosurface topology. Materials and methods Four commercially pure titanium implants (2.2 × 5.0 mm) with either a moderately roughened surface ( T i O blast) or super‐imposed nanoscale topography ( O sseospeed) were placed ( n = 2/surface) in edentulous sites of eleven systemically healthy subjects and subsequently removed after 3 and 7 days. Total RNA was isolated from cells adherent to retrieved implants. A whole‐genome microarray using the A ffymetrix Human gene 1.1 ST Array was used to describe the gene expression profiles that were differentially regulated by the implant surfaces. Results There were no significant differences when comparing the two implant surfaces at each time point. However, the microarray identified several genes that were differentially regulated at day 7 vs. day 3 for both implant surfaces. Functionally relevant categories related to the extracellular matrix ( ECM ), collagen fibril organization, and angiogenesis were upregulated at both surfaces (day7 vs. day3). Abundant upregulation of several differential markers of alternative activated macrophages was observed (e.g., MRC 1 , MSR 1 , MS 4 A 4 A , SLC 38 A 6, and CCL 18 ). The biological processes involved with the inflammatory/immune response gene expression were concomitantly downregulated. Conclusions Gene regulation implicating collagen fibrillogenesis and ECM organization as well as the inflammatory/immune responses involving the alternative activated pathway are observed in implant adherent cells at early (3–7 days) after implantation. These gene expression events may indicate a pivotal role of collagen fibrillogenesis as well as immunomodulation in altering bone accrual and biomechanical physical properties of the implant–bone interface.