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Biomimetic coating with phosphoserine‐tethered poly(epsilon‐lysine) dendrons on titanium surfaces enhances Wnt and osteoblastic differentiation
Author(s) -
Galli Carlo,
Piemontese Marilina,
Meikle Steven T.,
Santin Matteo,
Macaluso Guido M.,
Passeri Giovanni
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
clinical oral implants research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.407
H-Index - 161
eISSN - 1600-0501
pISSN - 0905-7161
DOI - 10.1111/clr.12075
Subject(s) - wnt signaling pathway , osteoblast , osteoprotegerin , osteocalcin , c2c12 , microbiology and biotechnology , alkaline phosphatase , chemistry , dkk1 , signal transduction , in vitro , biochemistry , biology , receptor , myogenesis , activator (genetics) , enzyme
Objectives Phosphoserine‐based functionalization has been proposed as a tool to improve integration of endosseous implants by promoting osteoblast adhesion and differentiation in vitro . The present work investigates whether phosphoserine‐tethered poly(epsilon‐lysine) dendrons, when applied as a film to titanium surfaces, enhance the differentiation of osteoblastic cells and the activation of Wnt/β‐catenin signaling. Materials and methods These films were tested in a murine model of calvaria‐derived MC 3T3 osteoblastic cells, primary bone marrow cells and mesenchymal, undifferentiated C2C12 cells. Gene expression was assayed by Real Time PCR , and activation of Wnt signaling pathway was measured with a reporter assay. Results Dendrons increased expression of alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin, two osteoblastic markers, in both murine osteoblastic MC3T3 cells and primary bone marrow cells. The expression of osteoprotegerin, a protein opposing osteoclastogenesis was also significantly higher in cells growing on dendron‐coated substrates both at 3 and 6 days of culture. Similarly, the mRNA levels of Wisp‐2 and of β‐catenin, two Wnt target genes, were also markedly increased in this group at day 6. The activation of this signaling pathway in cells growing on the dendron‐coated surfaces was confirmed by use of a TCF/β‐catenin reporter system in the C2C12 cell line. Conclusions The findings of the present study show that phosphoserine‐tethered poly(epsilon‐lysine) dendron films act as stimuli for the activation of specific signal cascades and promote the differentiation of adhering progenitor cells into an osteoblastic phenotype.