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Overcoming the biological aging of titanium by using electrolyzed deoxidized and ionized water
Author(s) -
Matsuno Tomonori,
Miki Takahito,
Yamaguchi Yusuke,
Hashimoto Yoshiya,
Miyasaka Taira,
Satomi Takafumi
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
clinical oral implants research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.407
H-Index - 161
eISSN - 1600-0501
pISSN - 0905-7161
DOI - 10.1111/clr.113_13358
Subject(s) - contact angle , distilled water , x ray photoelectron spectroscopy , superhydrophilicity , titanium , materials science , adsorption , surface modification , acetone , ultraviolet , chemical engineering , composite material , chemistry , metallurgy , chromatography , organic chemistry , optoelectronics , engineering
Background : The biological aging of titanium (Ti) surface is a timedependent degradation of the osteoconductivity, lead to a decrease in the biomechanical strength of the bone–Ti integration. To overcome the aging, ultraviolet light (UV) has been shown to changing the physicochemical properties of Ti surface from hydrophobic to hydrophilic for removal of the surface hydrocarbons without altering the surface topography. However, expensive special equipment was required for UV photofunctionalization. Aim/Hypothesis : In this study, we focused on electrolyzed deoxidized and ionized water (S – 100) which can easily remove contamination such as carbon without special equipment. The aim of this study is to investigate the influence S100 treatment on the recovery of the biological activity of the aged Ti surface. Material and Methods : We prepared mirror polished Ti6Al4V discs. All the discs cleaned using an ultrasonic cleaner in acetone, ethanol, and double distilled water for 10 minutes each. And then the prepared Ti discs were aged by storing in the cleanbench at a room temperature for 1 and 4 weeks. After the aging, we divided the Ti disks into two groups. Half of the discs immersed in S100 for 3 minutes and the remaining half of the discs immersed in saline water for 3 minutes as a control group. The contact angle on the disc surface were measured by digital contact angle measuring device. The chemical composition of the surface analyzed by Xray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). As a protein adsorption assay, the discs were immersed into 500 μL of bovine serum albumin (1 mg/mL). After incubating for 24 hours, the amount of protein quantified using a micro plate reader at 595 nm. MC3T3E1 cell were cultured on the control and S100 treated disks for 24 hours, the cell growth were observed with a fluorescence microscope. Results : Fig. 1 shows the contact angle. The droppin g 0.5 μL DDW were formed hemispheric droplets with a contact angle of approximately 65.2 degree on the 4week aged control surfaces, indicating that the surfaces were hydrophobic (Fig. 2). In contrast, water droplets on the surface treated with S100 were spread immediately, and the contact angle was approximately 18.7 degree. Even on the 1week aged surface, the contact angle on the S100 treatment significantly decreased and changed to a hydrophilic surface. In XPS analysis, a decrease in C1s was observed on the surface treated with S100 in all periods. On the other hand, O1s and Ti increased by S100 treatment. The results of protein adsorption on the Ti surface, there were no significant difference between the S100 treated surface and the control surface. However, the proliferation of osteoblastic cells on the S100 treated surface were higher than on the control surface in 4week of culture. Conclusions and Clinical Implications : In this study, we compared the biological activity of untreated and S100 treated Ti alloys surface. Aged Ti disks were immersed for only 3 minutes could easily improve the reduction of the surface energy due to carbon attached to the Ti surface. As a result, the hydrophobic Ti surface were changed to hydrophilic, and then the proliferation of osteogenic cells were accelerated. S100 treatment suggested that the new bone formation on the Ti surface promotes at early stage of osseointegration.