The higher‐level phylogenetic relationships of the E umeninae ( I nsecta, H ymenoptera, V espidae), with emphasis on E umenes sensu lato

Cladistic analyses were carried out to infer the phylogenetic relationships among taxa that were originally part of the large genus E umenes . Terminals belonging to other eumenine lineages were also included, as well as terminals from other vespid subfamilies. Analyses under equal weights and implied weights were carried out, and better results were obtained with the latter. The results corroborated the monophyly of E umeninae, and recovered Z ethini sensu lato as the sister‐lineage to the remaining eumenines. Eumenes sensu lato as originally recognized is paraphyletic relative to O dynerus sensu lato. A natural classification at the tribal level congruent with the phylogenetic results may be proposed, and the names Z ethini, O dynerini, and E umenini are already available. This is the most comprehensive phylogeny of the E umeninae to date. A new generic synonymy is A lfieria G iordani S oika, 1934 =  D elta de S aussure, 1855.