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P hantoms of Gondwana?—phylogeny of the spider subfamily M ynogleninae ( A raneae: L inyphiidae)
Author(s) -
Frick Holger,
Scharff Nikolaj
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
cladistics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.323
H-Index - 92
eISSN - 1096-0031
pISSN - 0748-3007
DOI - 10.1111/cla.12025
Subject(s) - subfamily , spider , biology , zoology , genetics , gene
This is the first genus‐level phylogeny of the subfamily M ynogleninae. It is based on 190 morphological characters scored for 44 taxa: 37 mynoglenine taxa (ingroup) representing 15 of the 17 known genera and seven outgroup taxa representing the subfamilies S temonyphantinae, Linyphiinae ( L inyphiini and M icronetini), and E rigoninae, and a representative of the family P imoidae, the sister‐group to L inyphiidae. No fewer than 147 of the morphological characters used in this study are new and defined for this study, and come mainly from male and female genitalia. Parsimony analysis with equal weights resulted in three most parsimonious trees of length 871. The monophyly of the subfamily M ynogleninae and the genera N ovafroneta , P arafroneta , L aminafroneta , A froneta , P romynoglenes , M etamynoglenes , and H aplinis are supported, whereas P seudafroneta is paraphyletic. The remaining seven mynoglenine genera are either monotypic or represented by only one taxon. Diagnoses are given for all genera included in the analysis. The evolution of morphological traits is discussed and we summarize the diversity and distribution patterns of the 124 known species of mynoglenines. The preferred topology suggests a single origin of mynoglenines in N ew Z ealand with two dispersal events to A frica, and does not support G ondwana origin.