Premium
In Vitro Investigation of the Effect of Oral Bacteria in the Surface Oxidation of Dental Implants
Author(s) -
Sridhar Sathyanarayanan,
Wilson Thomas G.,
Palmer Kelli L.,
Valderrama Pilar,
Mathew Mathew T.,
Prasad Shalini,
Jacobs Michael,
Gindri Izabelle M.,
Rodrigues Danieli C.
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
clinical implant dentistry and related research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.338
H-Index - 85
eISSN - 1708-8208
pISSN - 1523-0899
DOI - 10.1111/cid.12285
Subject(s) - biofilm , peri implantitis , dissolution , streptococcus mutans , dental implant , bacteria , implant , implant failure , corrosion , dentistry , chemistry , metal , dental plaque , materials science , nuclear chemistry , metallurgy , medicine , surgery , biology , genetics
Background Bacteria are major contributors to the rising number of dental implant failures. Inflammation secondary to bacterial colonization and bacterial biofilm is a major etiological factor associated with early and late implant failure (peri‐implantitis). Even though there is a strong association between bacteria and bacterial biofilm and failure of dental implants, their effect on the surface of implants is yet not clear. Purpose To develop and establish an in vitro testing methodology to investigate the effect of early planktonic bacterial colonization on the surface of dental implants for a period of 60 days. Materials and Methods Commercial dental implants were immersed in bacterial ( S treptococcus mutans in brain‐heart infusion broth) and control (broth only) media. Immersion testing was performed for a period of 60 days. During testing, optical density and pH of immersion media were monitored. The implant surface was surveyed with different microscopy techniques post‐immersion. Metal ion release in solution was detected with an electrochemical impedance spectroscopy sensor platform called metal ion electrochemical biosensor ( MIEB ). Results Bacteria grew in the implant‐containing medium and provided a sustained acidic environment. Implants immersed in bacterial culture displayed various corrosion features, including surface discoloration, deformation of rough and smooth interfaces, pitting attack, and severe surface rusting. The surface features were confirmed by microscopic techniques, and metal particle generation was detected by the MIEB . Conclusion Implant surface oxidation occurred in bacteria‐containing medium even at early stages of immersion (2 days). The incremental corrosion resulted in dissolution of metal ions and debris into the testing solution. Dissolution of metal ions and particles in the oral environment can trigger or contribute to the development of peri‐implantitis at later stages.