Premium
Variability in Particle Degradation of Four Commonly Employed Dental Bone Grafts
Author(s) -
Yang Shuang,
Lan Liao,
Miron Richard J.,
Wei Lingfei,
Zhang Meng,
Zhang Yufeng
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
clinical implant dentistry and related research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.338
H-Index - 85
eISSN - 1708-8208
pISSN - 1523-0899
DOI - 10.1111/cid.12196
Subject(s) - rankl , bone resorption , dentistry , resorption , acid phosphatase , degradation (telecommunications) , chemistry , h&e stain , staining , materials science , medicine , biochemistry , receptor , pathology , activator (genetics) , enzyme , telecommunications , computer science
Background Replacement bone grafting materials are used clinically for a variety of clinical procedures to augment and replace lost or missing bone. Little information is available regarding their degradation properties. Purpose The aim of the present study was to investigate the degradation rate and modes of degradation of four commonly used bone grafting materials. Materials and Methods A natural bone mineral ( NBM ) of bovine origin, NBM in combination with enamel matrix derivative ( EMD ), L ife N et demineralized freeze‐dried bone allograft ( DFDBA ), and O steotech DFDBA were analyzed for particle degradation over time in 3 mm femur defects created in female Wistar rats. At 2, 4, and 8 weeks postimplantation, femur defects were assigned to histological analysis. Hematoxylin and eosin, Safranin O , tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase ( TRAP ), receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand ( RANKL ), and matrix metalloproteinase‐2 ( MMP ‐2) staining were performed to determine the rate of particle degradation, number of osteoclasts around particles, and intensity and localization of TRAP , RANKL , and MMP ‐2 staining. Results In the present study, NBM particles demonstrated little signs of degradation. The combination of NBM with EMD significantly increased the number of osteoclasts around NBM particles and increased expression of RANKL and MMP ‐2 specifically around particle surface. Only minor resorption was observed. Both DFDBA particles showed much faster degradation of particles. Interestingly, fewer osteoclasts were found on their surface when compared with NBM particles, specifically on O steotech DFDBA particles, suggesting an alternative mode of degradation. O steotech DFDBA particles demonstrated significantly faster degradation when compared with all other bone grafts. No obvious increase in TRAP , RANKL , or MMP 2 was observed to validate this fast rate of degradation. Conclusions The results from the present study demonstrate a wide range of particle degradation between various commonly commercially available bone grafts. Further research to determine the precise mechanisms that influence particle degradation is necessary.