Outcomes in adults with congenital heart disease and heterotaxy syndrome: A single‐center experience

Background Heterotaxy syndrome (HS) is a condition in which the thoracoabdominal organs demonstrate an abnormal lateral arrangement and is often associated with congenital heart disease (CHD). Little is known about the adult HS population with CHD. Objective To describe the outcomes and sociodemographics of the adult CHD population with HS. Methods Records of patients 18 years of age or older with diagnoses of both CHD and HS at Texas Children's Hospital from 1964 to 2018 were reviewed. Results Sixty‐two patients met inclusion criteria. Median age was 22.7 [IQR 19.6‐30.0] years; 26 (42%) were female; and 13 (21%) of patients had a gap in care of >3 years. Median follow‐up time in adulthood was 2.9 [IQR 1.3‐8.2] years. Forty‐three (69%) of patients had single ventricle heart disease, 31 (71%) of whom completed Fontan circulation. A total of 36 interventions occurred in 24 patients which included 16 cardiac catherization interventions, 13 electrophysiology‐related procedures, and 18 surgical procedures including 2 orthotopic heart transplants. The median age for death or heart transplant was 45.3 (95%CI 34.3‐56.1) years. Heart failure‐free survival was 80.8 ± 5.2%, 58.7 ± 11.0%, and 31.1 ± 15.7% at 20, 30, and 40 years old, respectively. Cerebrovascular accident‐free survival was 84.3 ± 5.1%, 54.2 ± 11.3%, and 40.6 ± 14.5% at 20, 30, and 40 years old, respectively. Tachyarrhythmia‐free survival was 54.0 ± 7.1%, 29.2 ± 8.3%, and 19.5 ± 9.7% at 20, 30, and 40 years old and bradyarrhythmia‐free survival was 66.0 ± 6.3%, 41.7 ± 9.4%, and 33.4 ± 10.6% at ages 20, 30, and 40 years, respectively. Conclusions At a tertiary referral center, adult patients with CHD and HS have high rates of comorbidities and early death or heart transplant. Longitudinal surveillance and further exploration into factors associated with improved survival in this population are warranted.