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EMU: Efficient Muscle Simulation in Deformation Space
Author(s) -
Modi V.,
Fulton L.,
Jacobson A.,
Sueda S.,
Levin D.I.W.
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
computer graphics forum
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.578
H-Index - 120
eISSN - 1467-8659
pISSN - 0167-7055
DOI - 10.1111/cgf.14185
Subject(s) - parallelizable manifold , polygon mesh , finite element method , scalability , computer science , deformation (meteorology) , key (lock) , simulation , computer graphics (images) , structural engineering , algorithm , geology , engineering , oceanography , computer security , database
EMU is an efficient and scalable model to simulate bulk musculoskeletal motion with heterogenous materials. First, EMU requires no model reductions, or geometric coarsening, thereby producing results visually accurate when compared to an FEM simulation. Second, EMU is efficient and scales much better than state‐of‐the‐art FEM with the number of elements in the mesh, and is more easily parallelizable. Third, EMU can handle heterogeneously stiff meshes with an arbitrary constitutive model, thus allowing it to simulate soft muscles, stiff tendons and even stiffer bones all within one unified system. These three key characteristics of EMU enable us to efficiently orchestrate muscle activated skeletal movements. We demonstrate the efficacy of our approach via a number of examples with tendons, muscles, bones and joints.