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Higher risk of orofacial clefts in children born to mothers with angina pectoris: A population‐based case‐control study
Author(s) -
Czeizel Andrew E.,
Vereczkey Attila,
Bánhidy Ferenc
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
congenital anomalies
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 1741-4520
pISSN - 0914-3505
DOI - 10.1111/cga.12074
Subject(s) - medicine , odds ratio , confidence interval , population , offspring , confounding , pediatrics , case control study , pregnancy , congenital malformations , environmental health , biology , genetics
Abstract Previously an unexpected association of maternal angina pectoris ( MAP ) during pregnancy with a higher risk of orofacial clefts in their children was found. There were three objectives of this study: (i) to evaluate the validity of MAP ‐diagnoses in the previous study and the recent history of mothers with MAP in a follow‐up study; (ii) to estimate the prevalence of other congenital abnormalities in the offspring of mothers with MAP ; and (iii) to analyze the possible effect of confounders for the risk of orofacial clefts. The large dataset of population‐based Hungarian Case‐Control Surveillance System of Congenital Abnormalities, 1980–1996 was evaluated including 22 843 cases with congenital abnormalities and 38 151 controls without any defect. Twenty‐two cases (0.10%) and 12 controls (0.03%) were born to mothers with medically recorded MAP (odds ratio [ OR] with 95% confidence interval [ CI] : 3.7, 1.8–7.3). Of 22 cases, six had isolated cleft lip ± palate ( OR with 95% CI : 13.3, 4.9–35.9) and two were affected with isolated cleft palate ( OR with 95% CI : 10.5, 2.3–47.6). The diagnosis of MAP was confirmed in seven women visited at home in 2009–2010, two had recent myocardial infarction and five were smokers. There was no higher risk for other congenital abnormalities. In conclusion the higher risk of orofacial clefts was confirmed in the children of mothers with MAP and smoking may trigger the genetic predisposition of both MAP and orofacial clefts. However, the number of cases was limited and therefore further studies are needed to confirm or reject this theoretically and practically important observation.