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Emerging diagnostic tests for vitreoretinal lymphoma: a review
Author(s) -
Dawson Abby C,
Williams Keryn A,
Appukuttan Binoy,
Smith Justine R
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
clinical and experimental ophthalmology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.3
H-Index - 74
eISSN - 1442-9071
pISSN - 1442-6404
DOI - 10.1111/ceo.13304
Subject(s) - medicine , lymphoma , intraocular lymphoma , polymerase chain reaction , immunoglobulin light chain , cancer research , pathology , antibody , immunology , gene , genetics , biology
Vitreoretinal lymphoma, which most commonly is diffuse large B‐cell non‐Hodgkin in type, is a rare cancer with high morbidity and high mortality. Making a tissue diagnosis of vitreoretinal lymphoma is a major challenge for clinicians due to biological and technical factors. Yet, the delay in start of treatment may have vision‐ and life‐threatening consequences, and there is considerable interest in the application of molecular assays to improve the accuracy of the diagnostic process: detection of a clonal immunoglobulin heavy‐chain rearrangements in lymphoma cells by polymerase chain reaction; measurement of vitreous or aqueous interleukin‐10 protein levels in ocular fluids; and identification of mutations in the myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 in tumour cells. In this article, we review the historical development and current application of each of these molecular methods. We also discuss future opportunities for the molecular diagnosis of vitreoretinal lymphoma through next‐generation sequencing technologies.