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Social, health and ocular factors associated with primary open‐angle glaucoma amongst Chinese Singaporeans
Author(s) -
Chiam Nathalie,
Baskaran Mani,
Li Zheng,
Perera Shamira,
Goh David,
Husain Rahat,
Khor Chiea Chuen,
Cheng ChingYu,
Aung Tin,
Vithana Eranga N
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
clinical and experimental ophthalmology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.3
H-Index - 74
eISSN - 1442-9071
pISSN - 1442-6404
DOI - 10.1111/ceo.13008
Subject(s) - medicine , odds ratio , glaucoma , open angle glaucoma , confidence interval , intraocular pressure , ophthalmology , logistic regression , normal tension glaucoma
Importance There is limited literature on lifestyle and health factors related to primary open‐angle glaucoma amongst Asians. Background This study evaluated the association of primary open‐angle glaucoma with smoking, health and ocular factors amongst Chinese Singaporeans. Design Case–control study. Participants The study used 711 primary open‐angle glaucoma patients from a Singapore hospital and 2788 population‐based controls. Methods Subjects underwent clinical examination and completed a questionnaire with details on family history of glaucoma, comorbidities, smoking and alcohol consumption. Glaucoma cases were subclassified as normal or high‐tension glaucoma according to their untreated intraocular pressures. Main outcome measures The association of various health and lifestyle factors, with normal‐tension and high‐tension glaucoma was evaluated. Results Using multiple logistic regression, primary open‐angle glaucoma was associated with older age (odds ratio 1.12 per year older; 95% confidence interval 1.10–1.15; P < 0.001), family history of glaucoma (odds ratio 7.86; 95% confidence interval 4.48–13.79; P < 0.001), higher intraocular pressure (odds ratio 1.75 per 1 mmHg; 95% confidence interval 1.64–1.87; P < 0.001) and thinner central corneal thickness (odds ratio 1.01; 95% confidence interval 1.01–1.02; P < 0.001). Myopes were more likely to have primary open–angle glaucoma ( P < 0.001). A current smoking habit was protective against normal‐tension glaucoma (odds ratio 0.30; 95% confidence interval 0.10–0.92; P = 0.035). Conclusions and relevance Older age, family history of glaucoma, higher intraocular pressure, thinner central corneal thickness and myopia were significantly associated with primary open‐angle glaucoma amongst Chinese Singaporeans.