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Changes in treatment needs of hypoparathyroidism during pregnancy and lactation: A case series
Author(s) -
Hartogsohn Etki A. R.,
Khan Aliya A.,
Kjærsulf Line Underbjerg,
Sikjaer Tanja,
Hussain Sharjil,
Rejnmark Lars
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
clinical endocrinology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.055
H-Index - 147
eISSN - 1365-2265
pISSN - 0300-0664
DOI - 10.1111/cen.14212
Subject(s) - medicine , pregnancy , hypoparathyroidism , lactation , vitamin d and neurology , obstetrics , calcium metabolism , calcium , endocrinology , biology , genetics
Objective As only sparse data are available, we aimed to investigate whether needs for activated vitamin D and calcium supplements change in women with hypoparathyroidism during pregnancy and lactation and risk of pregnancy‐related complications. Design Retrospective review of medical records. Patients Twelve Danish and Canadian patients with chronic hypoparathyroidism who completed 17 pregnancies. Measurements Data were extracted on plasma levels of ionized calcium (P‐Ca 2+ ) and doses of active vitamin D and calcium supplements during pregnancy (N = 14) and breastfeeding (N = 10). Data on pregnancy complications were available from all 17 pregnancies. Results Although average doses of active vitamin D ( P = .91) and calcium supplements ( P = .43) did not change during pregnancies, a more than 20% increase or decrease in dose of active vitamin D was needed in more than half of the pregnancies in order to maintain normocalcemia. Five women (36%) developed hypercalcaemia by the end of pregnancy or start of lactation. Median levels of P‐Ca 2+ increased from 1.20 mmol/L in third trimester to 1.32 mmol/L in the post‐partum period ( P < .03). Accordingly, the average dose of active vitamin D was significantly reduced ( P = .01) during lactation compared to 3rd trimester. One woman developed severe pre‐eclampsia (6%). Further four pregnancies (24%) were complicated by polyhydramnios, dystocia and/or perinatal hypoxia. Ten pregnancies required caesarean delivery (59%) with four (24%) being performed as an emergency. Conclusion In chronic hypoparathyroidism, close medical monitoring of the mother with frequent adjustments in the dose of calcium and active vitamin D is required during pregnancy and lactation in order to maintain normocalcemia. Patients should be offered close obstetric care to handle potential perinatal complications. We recommend evaluating the neonate immediately after birth and notifying the paediatrician of the risks of hypocalcaemia as well as hypercalcaemia in the neonate.