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Iron metabolism in patients with Graves’ hyperthyroidism
Author(s) -
Fischli Stefan,
Wyl Viktor,
Trummler Michael,
Konrad Daniel,
Wueest Stephan,
Ruefer Axel,
Heering Kerstin,
Streuli Regina,
Steuer Christian,
Bernasconi Luca,
Recher Mike,
Henzen Christoph
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
clinical endocrinology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.055
H-Index - 147
eISSN - 1365-2265
pISSN - 0300-0664
DOI - 10.1111/cen.13450
Subject(s) - medicine , endocrinology , metabolism
Summary Objectives Graves’ hyperthyroidism ( GH ) interferes with iron metabolism and elevates ferritin. The precise mechanisms remain unclear. The influence of thyroid hormones on the synthesis/regulation of hepcidin, an important regulator of iron metabolism, remains uncharacterized. Design Prospective observational study. Patients We included patients (n = 31) with new‐onset and untreated GH . Measurements Laboratory parameters indicative of iron metabolism (ferritin, transferrin, hepcidin), inflammatory markers/cytokines and smoking status were assessed at the diagnosis of GH (T0) and at euthyroidism (T1) in the same patients using multivariable analyses. Hepcidin was measured by mass spectrometry (hepcidin MS ) and ELISA (hepcidin EL ). The impact of T3 on hepatic hepcidin expression was studied in a cell culture model using HepG2 cells. Results Median ferritin levels were significantly lower and transferrin significantly higher at T1 than at T0. Hepcidin MS levels were lower in males and females at T1 (statistically significant in males only). No statistically significant difference in hepcidin EL was detected between T0 and T1. Plasma levels of inflammatory markers (high‐sensitive CRP , procalcitonin) and cytokines (interleukin 6, interleukin 1ß, tumour necrosis factor α) were not different between T0 and T1. Smokers tended to have lower fT 3 and fT 4 at T0 than nonsmoking GH patients. T3 significantly induced hepcidin mRNA expression in HepG2 cells. Conclusions Iron metabolism in patients with GH undergoes dynamic changes in patients with GH that resemble an acute‐phase reaction. Inflammatory parameters and cytokines were unaffected by thyroid status. Gender and smoking status had an impact on ferritin, hepcidin and thyroid hormones.