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Cross‐sectional association of coffee and caffeine consumption with sex hormone‐binding globulin in healthy nondiabetic women
Author(s) -
PihanLe Bars Florence,
Gusto Gaëlle,
BoutronRuault MarieChristine,
Fagherazzi Guy,
Bonnet Fabrice
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
clinical endocrinology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.055
H-Index - 147
eISSN - 1365-2265
pISSN - 0300-0664
DOI - 10.1111/cen.13411
Subject(s) - sex hormone binding globulin , caffeine , medicine , body mass index , endocrinology , quartile , diabetes mellitus , cross sectional study , risk factor , hormone , confidence interval , androgen , pathology
Summary Objective Low sex hormone‐binding globulin (SHBG) is a consistent risk factor for type 2 diabetes, particularly in women. Coffee consumption has been associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes, but its effects on SHBG are less known. Design and methods This was a cross‐sectional study of 2377 nondiabetic pre‐ and postmenopausal women from the E3N cohort study whose baseline SHBG was measured. Information on diet (including coffee and caffeine consumption), lifestyle and medical conditions was collected through questionnaires. The relationship between coffee and caffeine consumption and SHBG was modelled, with adjustment for covariates and stratification by body mass index (BMI) categories (< or ≥25 kg/m 2 ) and menopausal status. Results The mean age was 57.2±6.4 years and 61% of the 2377 women were postmenopausal. High coffee (≥3 cups/day) and caffeine (≥265 mg/day) intakes were associated with a reduced risk of being in the 1st quartile of the SHBG level distribution (<46.3 nmol/L) in a multivariate adjusted model (OR: 0.72 [95% CI: 0.52‐1.01] and OR: 0.71 [95% CI: 0.53–0.95], respectively). No association was found between tea consumption and SHBG levels. In multivariate models stratified on BMI categories and menopausal status, associations were restricted to women with a BMI ≥25 kg/m 2 or being postmenopausal. The association with SHBG was consistently noted with consumption of both caffeinated coffee and caffeine, but not decaffeinated coffee. Conclusions Consumption of high coffee and caffeine is associated with a reduced risk of low SHBG, an established risk marker for T2DM, which might contribute to the protective effects of coffee for type 2 diabetes.