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Endocrine care of transpeople part II . A review of cross‐sex hormonal treatments, outcomes and adverse effects in transwomen
Author(s) -
Meriggiola Maria Cristina,
Gava Giulia
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
clinical endocrinology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.055
H-Index - 147
eISSN - 1365-2265
pISSN - 0300-0664
DOI - 10.1111/cen.12754
Subject(s) - medicine , endocrine system , adverse effect , hormone , prostate cancer , testosterone (patch) , endocrinology , physiology , cancer
Summary The treatment of transwomen relies on the combined administration of anti‐androgens or Gn RH analogues to suppress androgen production and thereby reduce male phenotypic characteristics together with oestrogens to develop female characteristics. In transwomen, synthetic oestrogens such as ethinyl oestradiol, as well as conjugated equine oestrogens ( CEE ), should be avoided to minimize thromboembolic risks especially in older transwomen and in those with risk factors. Currently, available short‐ and long‐term safety studies suggest that cross‐sex hormonal therapy ( CHT ) can be considered safe in transwomen improving the well‐being and quality of life of these individuals. Long‐term monitoring should aim to decrease cardiovascular risks and should include prostate and breast cancer screenings.