Serum immunoglobulin free light chain levels in systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases | Zendy

Gulli F. | Zendy; Napodano C. | Zendy; Marino M. | Zendy; Ciasca G. | Zendy; Pocino K. | Zendy; Basile V. | Zendy; Visentini M. | Zendy; Stefanile A. | Zendy; Todi L. | Zendy; De Spirito M. | Zendy; Rapaccini G. L. | Zendy; Basile U. | Zendy

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Serum immunoglobulin free light chain levels in systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases

Author(s) -

Gulli F.,

Napodano C.,

Marino M.,

Ciasca G.,

Pocino K.,

Basile V.,

Visentini M.,

Stefanile A.,

Todi L.,

De Spirito M.,

Rapaccini G. L.,

Basile U.

Publication year - 2020

Publication title -

clinical & experimental immunology

Language(s) - English

Resource type - Journals

SCImago Journal Rank - 1.329

H-Index - 135

eISSN - 1365-2249

pISSN - 0009-9104

DOI - 10.1111/cei.13385

Subject(s) - rheumatoid arthritis , medicine , immunology , antibody , pathogenesis , rheumatology , immunoglobulin light chain , pathological , systemic disease , systemic lupus , immunopathology , disease

Summary Several reports have highlighted the abnormal increments of serum immunoglobulin free light chains (FLCs) in the course of systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARD), but a comparative analysis among different conditions is still lacking. A strong association between elevated FLC and hepatitis C virus (HCV)‐related mixed cryoglobulinaemia (HCVMC) has been well established. Here, we aimed to analyse serum FLC levels in patients with four different SARD in comparison with HCVMC. Using a turbidimetric assay, free κ and λ chains were quantified in sera from 198 SARD patients (37 rheumatoid arthritis, RA; 47 systemic lupus erythematosus, SLE; 52 anti‐phospholipid syndrome, APS; 62 primary Sjogren's syndrome, pSS), 62 HCVMC and 50 healthy blood donors (HD). All patient groups showed increased κ levels when compared to HD: 33·5 ± 2·6 mg/l in HCVMC, 26·7 ± 2·3 mg/l in RA, 29·7 ± 1·9 mg/l in SLE, 23·8 ± 1·1 mg/l in APS, 24·2 ± 1·1 mg/l in pSS; 10·1 ± 0·6 mg/l in HD. Free λ levels displayed a significant increase only for HCVMC (20·4 ± 1·4 mg/l) and SLE (18·4 ± 1·0 mg/l) compared to HD (13·6 ± 0·9 mg/l). The increase of κ compared to λ takes into account a κ /λ ratio of 1·6 for all groups. Our results substantially analyse and strengthen the association between FLC and SARD focusing the questions regarding their role in the pathogenesis and diagnosis of human diseases. Unfortunately, the biochemical differences distinguishing normal from pathological FLC have not been identified. Production of different isotypes is probably connected to still‐unknown pathways.

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