Efficacy of maggot debridement therapy on refractory leg ulcers of Behçet disease: an open‐label study

Summary Background Cutaneous ulcers of Behçet disease (BD) are rare but have high morbidity and resistance to conventional therapies. An important and essential aspect of ulcer management is debridement. Regarding maggot therapy (MT), excretions of the green bottle fly, Lucilia sericata , have been shown to have the ability to remove necrotic debris and promote healing. Aim To evaluate the efficacy of MT for cutaneous ulcers of BD. Methods In this open‐label trial, patients with BD with refractory leg ulcers suitable for MT were enrolled. Maggot application was performed until complete debridement was achieved, and all patients were followed up for 12 months afterwards to assess the total healing of ulcers. Results In total, 24 patients with 32 ulcers were enrolled. Using MT, 91.6% of all ulcers were completely debrided. Mean time to debridement was 14.9 days and mean number of cycles required was 5.3. Mean ulcer size was decreased by 23% with treatment. Time to debridement was positively correlated with pretreatment ulcer size and ulcer duration ( P  = 0.01 and P  < 0.01) but not with ulcer depth, comorbidities, smoking, age or sex ( P  > 0.05 for all). During follow‐up, 79.1% of all ulcers healed completely. Mean time required for total healing was positively correlated with ulcer duration, pretreatment and post‐treatment ulcer area, ulcer depth and mean time to total debridement ( P  < 0.03, P  = 0.00, P  = 0.04 and P  < 0.01, respectively). Conclusions To our knowledge, the findings presented in this first and unique study may provide key answers about factors affecting success rate of MT in BD cutaneous ulcers.