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Role of serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D levels and vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms in patients with rosacea: a case–control study
Author(s) -
Akdogan N.,
Alli N.,
Incel Uysal P.,
Candar T.
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
clinical and experimental dermatology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.587
H-Index - 78
eISSN - 1365-2230
pISSN - 0307-6938
DOI - 10.1111/ced.13769
Subject(s) - taqi , calcitriol receptor , foki , medicine , rosacea , vitamin d and neurology , endocrinology , single nucleotide polymorphism , gastroenterology , allele , biology , polymorphism (computer science) , genotype , dermatology , genetics , gene , acne
Summary Background Vitamin D has significant effects on the immune system and thereby on the pathogenesis of rosacea. However, there is a lack of information on the vitamin D status and vitamin D receptors (VDRs) of patients with rosacea. Aim To evaluate the role of vitamin D in rosacea susceptibility. Methods A case–control study was conducted, enrolling patients with rosacea and healthy controls (HCs). Five VDR gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) ( Cdx 2, Fok I, Apa I, Bsm I and Taq I) and serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D 3 [25(OH)D 3 ] levels were compared between patients and HCs. Results The study enrolled 60 patients (M/F: 14/46) and 60 age‐ and sex‐matched HCs (M/F: 14/46). Age (mean ± SD) was 48 ± 11 years for both groups. The serum 25(OH)D 3 levels (median ± interquartile range) were higher in patients with rosacea (12.9 ± 6.8 ng/mL) than in HCs (10.5 ± 3.7 ng/mL) ( P < 0.001). Subjects with high serum 25(OH)D 3 levels had a 1.36‐fold increased risk of rosacea (95% CI 1.17–1.58). Heterozygous and mutant Apa I polymorphisms increased rosacea risk by 5.26‐fold (95% CI 1.51–18.35) and 3.69‐fold (95% CI 1.19–11.48), respectively, whereas mutant Taq I polymorphisms decreased the risk by 4.69 times (95% CI 1.37–16.67). Heterozygosity for Cdx 2 alleles increased rosacea risk, whereas wildtype Apa I and mutant Taq I alleles decreased it. Conclusions The present study suggests that an increase in vitamin D levels may contribute to the development of rosacea. Apa I and Taq I polymorphisms, and heterozygous Cdx 2, wildtype Apa I and mutant Taq I alleles were significantly associated with rosacea. These results indicate a possible role of vitamin D and VDR pathways in the pathogenesis of rosacea, although causality could not be assessed.