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Null association between serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D levels with allergic rhinitis, allergic sensitization and non‐allergic rhinitis: A Mendelian randomization study
Author(s) -
Feng Qi,
Bønnelykke Klaus,
Ek Weronica E.,
Chawes Bo L.,
Yuan Shuai,
Cheung Ching Lung,
Li Gloria HY,
Leung Raymond YH,
Cheung Bernard MY
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
clinical and experimental allergy
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.462
H-Index - 154
eISSN - 1365-2222
pISSN - 0954-7894
DOI - 10.1111/cea.13739
Subject(s) - medicine , mendelian randomization , odds ratio , confidence interval , single nucleotide polymorphism , population , vitamin d and neurology , immunology , gastroenterology , genotype , genetics , biology , environmental health , genetic variants , gene
Background Previous observational studies have not found a conclusive association between serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels and allergic rhinitis (AR) or allergic sensitization (AS). Objective To investigate a causal association between 25(OH)D levels with risk of AR and AS, using a two‐sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach. Methods Seven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), previously shown to be associated with serum 25(OH)D levels, were identified as instrumental variables. The primary outcome was AR, and the secondary outcomes were AS and non‐allergic rhinitis (NAR). The genome‐wide association (GWA) summary statistics of the outcomes were obtained from two cohort studies (EAGLE Consortium and UK Biobank). An MR analysis with random‐effects inverse‐variance weighted method was performed as the primary analysis to estimate overall effect size (odds ratio [OR] and 95% confidence interval [CI]). Sensitivity analysis using weighted median method and MR‐Egger regression method was conducted. A subgroup analysis based on 25(OH)D synthesis‐related SNPs was further applied. Results Serum 25(OH)D levels were not causally associated with risk of AR (OR: 0.960; 95% CI: 0.779‐1.184), AS (OR: 1.059; 95% CI: 0.686 to 1.634) or NAR (OR: 0.937; 95% CI: 0.588‐1.491). Subgroup analysis also showed null association between 25(OH)D synthesis‐related SNPs and the outcomes. Sensitivity analyses yielded similar results. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance This MR study found no evidence supporting a causal association between serum 25(OH)D levels and risk of AR, AS and NAR in European‐ancestry population. This argues against the previous postulation that vitamin D supplementation is effective in prevention of allergic diseases.