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Update on innate lymphoid cells in atopic and non‐atopic inflammation in the airways and skin
Author(s) -
Mjösberg J.,
Eidsmo L.
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
clinical and experimental allergy
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.462
H-Index - 154
eISSN - 1365-2222
pISSN - 0954-7894
DOI - 10.1111/cea.12353
Subject(s) - innate lymphoid cell , immunology , thymic stromal lymphopoietin , innate immune system , inflammation , cytokine , atopic dermatitis , acquired immune system , biology , immune system
Summary Innate lymphoid cells ( ILC ) is the collective term for a group of related innate lymphocytes, including NK cells and the more recently appreciated non‐ NK ILC ( ILC 1, ILC 2 and ILC 3). ILC all depend on the common γ‐chain of the IL ‐2 receptor and the transcription factor Id2. Furthermore, ILC lack rearranged antigen‐receptors such as those expressed by T and B cells. Recent data indicate that non‐ NK ILC contribute to a wide range of homeostatic and pathophysiological processes primarily by virtue of cytokine production. A lot of effort has been put into understanding the role for the non‐ NK ILC in mucosal homeostasis, including in the gut and lungs. Recent reports also point towards a role for ILC in skin inflammation. In the lung, ILC may propagate stromal‐derived danger signals, with subsequent induction of mainly type 2 cytokine production. This might represent an early trigger of type 2‐mediated pathology, which subsequently also engages the adaptive immune system. Similarly, in the skin, ILC are well placed to sense keratinocyte‐derived danger signals in an antigen‐independent manner. Recent findings link ILC 2 to atopic dermatitis and ILC 3 to psoriasis. In this review, we provide an updated perspective on the role for non‐ NK ILC in atopic and non‐atopic inflammation in the airways as well as in the skin.