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Parental Ethnic‐Racial Socialization and Children of Color's Academic Success: A Meta‐Analytic Review
Author(s) -
Wang MingTe,
Smith Leann V.,
MillerCotto Dana,
Huguley James P.
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
child development
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.103
H-Index - 257
eISSN - 1467-8624
pISSN - 0009-3920
DOI - 10.1111/cdev.13254
Subject(s) - socialization , ethnic group , psychology , developmental psychology , social psychology , academic achievement , sociology , anthropology
Increased attention is being placed on the importance of ethnic‐racial socialization in children of color's academic outcomes. Synthesizing research on the effects of parental ethnic‐racial socialization, this meta‐analysis of 37 studies reveals that overall the relation between ethnic‐racial socialization and academic outcomes was positive, though the strength varied by the specific academic outcome under consideration, dimension of ethnic‐racial socialization utilized, developmental age of the child receiving the socialization, and racial/ethnic group implementing the socialization. Ethnic‐racial socialization was positively related to academic performance, motivation, and engagement, with motivation being the strongest outcome. Most dimensions of ethnic‐racial socialization were positively related to academic outcomes, except for promotion of mistrust. In addition, the link between ethnic‐racial socialization and academic outcomes was strongest for middle school and college students, and when looking across ethnic‐racial groups, this link was strongest for African American youth. The results suggest that different dimensions of ethnic‐racial socialization have distinct relationships with diverse academic outcomes and that the effects of ethnic‐racial socialization vary by both youth developmental levels and racial/ethnic groups.