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Angry Responses to Infant Challenges: Parent, Marital, and Child Genetic Factors Associated With Harsh Parenting
Author(s) -
Hajal Nastassia,
Neiderhiser Jenae,
Moore Ginger,
Leve Leslie,
Shaw Daniel,
Harold Gordon,
Scaramella Laura,
Ganiban Jody,
Reiss David
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
child development
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.103
H-Index - 257
eISSN - 1467-8624
pISSN - 0009-3920
DOI - 10.1111/cdev.12345
Subject(s) - temperament , psychology , developmental psychology , positive parenting , parenting styles , child rearing , clinical psychology , personality , social psychology , psychiatry , intervention (counseling)
This study examined genetic and environmental influences on harsh parenting of adopted 9‐month‐olds ( N = 503), with an emphasis on positive child‐, parent‐, and family‐level characteristics. Evocative gene–environment correlation ( r GE) was examined by testing the effect of both positive and negative indices of birth parent temperament on adoptive parents’ harsh parenting. Adoptive fathers’ harsh parenting was inversely related to birth mother positive temperament, indicating evocative r GE, as well as to marital quality. Adoptive parents’ negative temperamental characteristics were related to hostile parenting for both fathers and mothers. Findings support the importance of enhancing positive family characteristics in addition to mitigating negative characteristics, as well as engaging multiple levels of the family system to prevent harsh parenting.