Open AccessModulation of the tumor microenvironment by Epstein‐Barr virus latent membrane protein 1 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Author(s) -
Yoshizaki Tomokazu,
Kondo Satoru,
Endo Kazuhira,
Nakanishi Yosuke,
Aga Mitsuharu,
Kobayashi Eiji,
Hirai Nobuyuki,
Sugimoto Hisashi,
Hatano Miyako,
Ueno Takayoshi,
Ishikawa Kazuya,
Wakisaka Naohiro
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
cancer science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.035
H-Index - 141
eISSN - 1349-7006
pISSN - 1347-9032
DOI - 10.1111/cas.13473
Subject(s) - nasopharyngeal carcinoma , stromal cell , biology , cancer research , progenitor cell , epstein–barr virus , angiogenesis , cancer , population , tumor microenvironment , virus , stem cell , immunology , immune system , medicine , microbiology and biotechnology , genetics , environmental health , radiation therapy
Latent membrane protein 1 ( LMP 1 ) is a primary oncogene encoded by the Epstein‐Barr virus, and various portions of LMP 1 are detected in nasopharyngeal carcinoma ( NPC ) tumor cells. LMP 1 has been extensively studied since the discovery of its transforming property in 1985. LMP 1 promotes cancer cell growth during NPC development and facilitates the interaction of cancer cells with surrounding stromal cells for invasion, angiogenesis, and immune modulation. LMP 1 is detected in 100% of pre‐invasive NPC tumors and in approximately 50% of advanced NPC tumors. Moreover, a small population of LMP 1 ‐expressing cells in advanced NPC tumor tissue is proposed to orchestrate NPC tumor tissue maintenance and development through cancer stem cells and progenitor cells. Recent studies suggest that LMP 1 activity shifts according to tumor development stage, but it still has a pivotal role during all stages of NPC development.