Open AccessAltered intracellular signaling by imatinib increases the anti‐cancer effects of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in chronic myelogenous leukemia cells
Author(s) -
Hirao Takuya,
Yamaguchi Masashi,
Kikuya Megumi,
Chibana Hiroji,
Ito Kousei,
Aoki Shigeki
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
cancer science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.035
H-Index - 141
eISSN - 1349-7006
pISSN - 1347-9032
DOI - 10.1111/cas.13442
Subject(s) - ampk , autophagy , tyrosine kinase , tyrosine kinase inhibitor , p70 s6 kinase 1 , cancer research , glycolysis , imatinib , amp activated protein kinase , cancer cell , intracellular , chronic myelogenous leukemia , pi3k/akt/mtor pathway , kinase , microbiology and biotechnology , biology , signal transduction , protein kinase a , endocrinology , cancer , medicine , biochemistry , leukemia , metabolism , myeloid leukemia , apoptosis
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors ( TKI ), including imatinib ( IM ), improve the outcome of CML therapy. However, TKI treatment is long‐term and can induce resistance to TKI , which often leads to a poor clinical outcome in CML patients. Here, we examined the effect of continuous IM exposure on intracellular energy metabolism in K562 cells, a human Philadelphia chromosome‐positive CML cell line, and its subsequent sensitivity to anti‐cancer agents. Contrary to our expectations, we found that continuous IM exposure increased sensitivity to TKI . Cancer energy metabolism, characterized by abnormal glycolysis, is linked to cancer cell survival. Interestingly, glycolytic activity was suppressed by continuous exposure to IM , and autophagy increased to maintain cell viability by compensating for glycolytic suppression. Notably, increased sensitivity to TKI was not caused by glycolytic inhibition but by altered intracellular signaling, causing glycolytic suppression and increased autophagy, as evidenced by suppression of p70 S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) and activation of AMP ‐activated protein kinase ( AMPK ). Using another human CML cell line ( KCL 22 cells) and BCR / ABL + Ba/F3 cells (mimicking Philadelphia chromosome‐positive CML cells) confirmed that suppressing S6K1 and activating AMPK increased sensitivity to TKI . Furthermore, suppressing S6K1 and activating AMPK had a synergistic anti‐cancer effect by inhibiting autophagy in the presence of TKI . The present study provides new insight into the importance of signaling pathways that affect cellular energy metabolism, and suggests that co‐treatment with agents that disrupt energy metabolic signaling (using S6K1 suppressors and AMPK activators) plus blockade of autophagy may be strategies for TKI ‐based CML therapy.