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Genetic abnormality in early‐stage lung adenocarcinoma was examined to search for new prognostic biomarkers. Six  in situ  lung adenocarcinomas and nine small but invasive adenocarcinomas were examined by array‐comparative genomic hybridization, and candidate genes of interest were screened. To examine gene abnormalities, 83 cases of various types of lung carcinoma were examined by quantitative real‐time genomic  PCR  and immunohistochemistry. The results were then verified using another set of early‐stage adenocarcinomas. Array‐comparative genomic hybridization indicated frequent amplification at chromosome 3q26. Of the seven genes located in this region, we focused on the epithelial cell transforming sequence 2 (  ECT 2 ) oncogene, as   ECT 2  amplification was detected only in invasive adenocarcinoma, and not in  in situ  carcinoma. Quantitative  PCR  and immunohistochemistry analyses also detected overexpression of  ECT 2 in invasive adenocarcinoma, and this was correlated with both the Ki‐67 labeling index and mitotic index. In addition, it was associated with disease‐free survival and overall survival of patients with lung adenocarcinoma. These results were verified using another set of early‐stage adenocarcinomas resected at another hospital. Abnormality of the   ECT 2  gene occurs at a relatively early stage of lung adenocarcinogenesis and would be applicable as a new biomarker for prognostication of patients with lung adenocarcinoma.

ECT 2 amplification and overexpression as a new prognostic biomarker for early‐stage lung adenocarcinoma