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Coupling factors and exosomal packaging micro RNA s involved in the regulation of bone remodelling
Author(s) -
Zhu Sipin,
Yao Felix,
Qiu Heng,
Zhang Ge,
Xu Huazi,
Xu Jiake
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
biological reviews
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 4.993
H-Index - 165
eISSN - 1469-185X
pISSN - 1464-7931
DOI - 10.1111/brv.12353
Subject(s) - osteoblast , microbiology and biotechnology , paracrine signalling , bone remodeling , angiogenesis , osteoclast , chemistry , juxtacrine signalling , bone resorption , bone cell , osteoimmunology , biology , endocrinology , cancer research , biochemistry , in vitro , receptor , gene , activator (genetics) , rankl
Bone remodelling is a continuous process by which bone resorption by osteoclasts is followed by bone formation by osteoblasts to maintain skeletal homeostasis. These two forces must be tightly coordinated not only quantitatively, but also in time and space, and its malfunction leads to diseases such as osteoporosis. Recent research focusing on the cross‐talk and coupling mechanisms associated with the sequential recruitment of osteoblasts to areas where osteoclasts have removed bone matrix have identified a number of osteogenic factors produced by the osteoclasts themselves. Osteoclast‐derived factors and exosomal‐containing micro RNA (mi RNA ) can either enhance or inhibit osteoblast differentiation through paracrine and juxtacrine mechanisms, and therefore may have a central coupling role in bone formation. Entwined with angiocrine factors released by vessel‐specific endothelial cells and perivascular cells or pericytes, these factors play a critical role in angiogenesis–osteogenesis coupling essential in bone remodelling.