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Carbenoxolone and 18β‐glycyrrhetinic acid inhibit inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate‐mediated endothelial cell calcium signalling and depolarise mitochondria
Author(s) -
Buckley Charlotte,
Zhang Xun,
Wilson Calum,
McCarron John G.
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
british journal of pharmacology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.432
H-Index - 211
eISSN - 1476-5381
pISSN - 0007-1188
DOI - 10.1111/bph.15329
Subject(s) - carbenoxolone , gap junction , inositol , inositol trisphosphate , biophysics , connexin , intracellular , chemistry , biology , biochemistry , receptor
Background and Purpose Coordinated endothelial control of cardiovascular function is proposed to occur by endothelial cell communication via gap junctions and connexins. To study intercellular communication, the pharmacological agents carbenoxolone (CBX) and 18β‐glycyrrhetinic acid (18βGA) are used widely as connexin inhibitors and gap junction blockers. Experimental Approach We investigated the effects of CBX and 18βGA on intercellular Ca 2+ waves, evoked by inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate (IP 3 ) in the endothelium of intact mesenteric resistance arteries. Key Results Acetycholine‐evoked IP 3 ‐mediated Ca 2+ release and propagated waves were inhibited by CBX (100 μM) and 18βGA (40 μM). Unexpectedly, the Ca 2+ signals were inhibited uniformly in all cells, suggesting that CBX and 18βGA reduced Ca 2+ release. Localised photolysis of caged IP 3 (cIP 3 ) was used to provide precise spatiotemporal control of site of cell activation. Local cIP 3 photolysis generated reproducible Ca 2+ increases and Ca 2+ waves that propagated across cells distant to the photolysis site. CBX and 18βGA each blocked Ca 2+ waves in a time‐dependent manner by inhibiting the initiating IP 3 ‐evoked Ca 2+ release event rather than block of gap junctions. This effect was reversed on drug washout and was unaffected by small or intermediate K + ‐channel blockers. Furthermore, CBX and 18βGA each rapidly and reversibly collapsed the mitochondrial membrane potential. Conclusion and Implications CBX and 18βGA inhibit IP 3 ‐mediated Ca 2+ release and depolarise the mitochondrial membrane potential. These results suggest that CBX and 18βGA may block cell–cell communication by acting at sites that are unrelated to gap junctions.