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Model‐based prediction of the acute and long‐term safety profile of naproxen in rats
Author(s) -
Sahota Tarjinder,
Sanderson Ian,
Danhof Meindert,
Della Pasqua Oscar
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
british journal of pharmacology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.432
H-Index - 211
eISSN - 1476-5381
pISSN - 0007-1188
DOI - 10.1111/bph.13167
Subject(s) - naproxen , medicine , drug , pharmacodynamics , covariate , multiple exposure , biomarker , pharmacology , pharmacokinetics , adverse effect , pathology , biology , machine learning , computer science , biochemistry , alternative medicine , computer vision
Background and Purpose Despite the increasing importance of biomarkers as predictors of drug effects, toxicology protocols continue to rely on the experimental evidence of adverse events ( AEs ) as a basis for establishing the link between indicators of safety and drug exposure. Furthermore, biomarkers may facilitate the translation of findings from animals to humans. Combined with a model‐based approach, biomarker data have the potential to predict long‐term effects arising from prolonged drug exposure. Here, we used naproxen as a paradigm to explore the feasibility of a biomarker‐guided approach for the prediction of long‐term AEs in humans. Experimental Approach An experimental toxicology protocol was set up for evaluating the effects of naproxen in rats, in which four active doses were tested (7.5, 15, 40 and 80 mg·kg −1 ). In addition to AE monitoring and histology, a few blood samples were also collected for the assessment of drug exposure, TX B 2 and PG E 2 levels. Non‐linear mixed effects modelling was used to analyse the data and identify covariate factors on the incidence and severity of AEs . Key Results Modelling results showed that besides drug exposure, maximum PGE 2 inhibition and treatment duration were also predictors of gastrointestinal ulceration. Although PGE 2 levels were clearly linked to the incidence rates, it appeared that ulceration severity is better predicted by measures of drug exposure. Conclusions and Implications These results show that the use of a model‐based approach provides the opportunity to integrate pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and toxicity data, enabling optimization of the design, analysis and interpretation of toxicology experiments.