Lysophospholipid receptor nomenclature review: IUPHAR Review 8

Lysophospholipids encompass a diverse range of small, membrane‐derived phospholipids that act as extracellular signals. The signalling properties are mediated by 7‐transmembrane GPCRs , constituent members of which have continued to be identified after their initial discovery in the mid‐1990s. Here we briefly review this class of receptors, with a particular emphasis on their protein and gene nomenclatures that reflect their cognate ligands. There are six lysophospholipid receptors that interact with lysophosphatidic acid ( LPA ): protein names LPA 1 – LPA 6 and italicized gene names LPAR1‐LPAR6 (human) and Lpar1‐Lpar6 (non‐human). There are five sphingosine 1‐phosphate (S1P) receptors: protein names S1P 1 ‐S1P 5 and italicized gene names S1PR1‐S1PR5 (human) and S1pr1‐S1pr5 (non‐human). Recent additions to the lysophospholipid receptor family have resulted in the proposed names for a lysophosphatidyl inositol (LPI) receptor – protein name LPI 1 and gene name LPIR1 (human) and Lpir1 (non‐human) – and three lysophosphatidyl serine receptors – protein names LyPS 1 , LyPS 2 , LyPS 3 and gene names LYPSR1‐LYPSR3 (human) and Lypsr1‐Lypsr3 (non‐human) along with a variant form that does not appear to exist in humans that is provisionally named LyPS 2L . This nomenclature incorporates previous recommendations from the International U nion of B asic and C linical P harmacology, the H uman G enome O rganization, the Gene Nomenclature Committee, and the M ouse G enome I nformatix.