Open AccessUnderstanding Enterovirus 71 Neuropathogenesis and Its Impact on Other Neurotropic Enteroviruses
Author(s) -
Ong Kien Chai,
Wong Kum Thong
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
brain pathology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.986
H-Index - 132
eISSN - 1750-3639
pISSN - 1015-6305
DOI - 10.1111/bpa.12279
Subject(s) - enterovirus , spinal cord , poliomyelitis , medicine , poliovirus , encephalomyelitis , paralysis , neuroscience , central nervous system , virology , brainstem , picornavirus , biology , virus , psychiatry , rna , biochemistry , gene
E nterovirus A71 ( EV ‐ A71 ) belongs to the species group A in the E nterovirus genus within the P icornaviridae family. EV ‐ A71 usually causes self‐limiting hand, foot and mouth disease or herpangina but rarely causes severe neurological complications such as acute flaccid paralysis and encephalomyelitis. The pathology and neuropathogenesis of these neurological syndromes is beginning to be understood. EV ‐ A71 neurotropism for motor neurons in the spinal cord and brainstem, and other neurons, is mainly responsible for central nervous system damage. This review on the general aspects, recent developments and advances of EV ‐ A71 infection will focus on neuropathogenesis and its implications on other neurotropic enteroviruses, such as poliovirus and the newly emergent E nterovirus D68 . With the imminent eradication of poliovirus, EV ‐ A71 is likely to replace it as an important neurotropic enterovirus of worldwide importance.