Open AccessEvaluation of LPM permafrost distribution in NE A sia reconstructed and downscaled from GCM simulations
Author(s) -
Saito Kazuyuki,
Marchenko Sergei,
Romanovsky Vladimir,
Hendricks Amy,
Bigelow Nancy,
Yoshikawa Kenji,
Walsh John
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
boreas
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.95
H-Index - 74
eISSN - 1502-3885
pISSN - 0300-9483
DOI - 10.1111/bor.12038
Subject(s) - permafrost , downscaling , geology , climatology , range (aeronautics) , gcm transcription factors , physical geography , climate change , paleoclimatology , general circulation model , geography , oceanography , materials science , composite material
A high‐resolution map of potential frozen ground distribution in NE A sia (90–150° E , 25–60° N ) at the period of the L ast P ermafrost M aximum ( LPM , c. 21 000 years ago) was dually reconstructed by means of a statistical classification using air freezing and thawing indices and a topographical downscaling using a digital relief model ( ETOPO1 ). Background LPM climate data were derived from global climate model simulations of the P aleoclimate M odel I ntercomparison P roject, P hase II ( PMIP2 ). The reconstructed LPM map shows the southward shift of the southern limit of climate‐driven permafrost by 400–1500 km, with the greatest advance in the western sector (90–110° E ), encompassing an area from central S iberia to most of the Altai area. The advance of environmentally conditional permafrost and seasonally frozen ground was greatest in the eastern sector (110–150° E ), with an average shift of about 450 km. The descent of the lower limit of LPM alpine permafrost was in the range of 400–800 m. A comparison of the reconstructed map with published literature shows that this method, simplistically constructed yet effectively recognizing seasonality, continentality and topography, captures local features better than more elaborate methods. The sensitivity examination of a constant atmospheric lapse rate shows that altitudes of 2000–5000 m a.s.l. were most sensitive, though with only a limited effect on overall LPM distribution.