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Nocturia increases the incidence of depressive symptoms: a longitudinal study of the HEIJO ‐ KYO cohort
Author(s) -
Obayashi Kenji,
Saeki Keigo,
Negoro Hiromitsu,
Kurumatani Norio
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
bju international
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.773
H-Index - 148
eISSN - 1464-410X
pISSN - 1464-4096
DOI - 10.1111/bju.13791
Subject(s) - nocturia , medicine , hazard ratio , incidence (geometry) , cohort , confidence interval , population , geriatric depression scale , depression (economics) , cohort study , prospective cohort study , depressive symptoms , psychiatry , anxiety , urinary system , physics , environmental health , optics , economics , macroeconomics
Objectives To evaluate the association between nocturia and the incidence of depressive symptoms. Participants and Methods Of 1 127 participants in the HEIJO ‐ KYO population‐based cohort, 866 elderly individuals (mean age 71.5 years) without depressive symptoms at baseline were followed for a median period of 23 months. Nocturnal voiding frequency was logged using a standardized urination diary and nocturia was defined as a frequency of ≥2 voids per night. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Geriatric Depression Scale. Results During the follow‐up period, 75 participants reported the development of depressive symptoms (score ≥6). The nocturia group ( n = 239) exhibited a significantly higher hazard ratio ( HR ) for incident depressive symptoms than the non‐nocturia group ( n = 627) in the Cox proportional hazard model, which was adjusted for age, gender, alcohol consumption, day length and presence of hypertension and chronic kidney disease ( HR 1.69, 95% confidence interval [ CI ] 1.05–2.72; P = 0.032]. The significance remained after adjustment for sleep disturbances ( HR 1.68, 95% CI 1.02–2.75; P = 0.040). Analysis stratified by gender showed that the association between nocturia and the incidence of depressive symptoms was significant in men ( HR 2.51, 95% CI 1.27–4.97; P = 0.008) but not in women ( HR 1.12, 95% CI 0.53–2.44; P = 0.74). Conclusions Nocturia is significantly associated with a higher incidence of depressive symptoms in the general elderly population, and gender differences may underlie this association.