An end to the phenomenon of ‘upgrading’ in early prostate cancer?

1 Kumar V, Sethia K. Prospective study comparing Videoendoscopic radical inguinal node dissection (VEILND) with open radical inguinal lymph node dissection (OILND) for penile cancer over an 8 year period. BJU Int 2017; 119: 530–4 2 Stuivar MM, Djajadiningrat RS, Graafland NM, Vincent AD, Lucas C, Horenblas S. Early wound complications after inguinal lymphadenectomy in penile cancer; a historical cohort study and risk factor analysis. Eur Urol 2013; 64: 486–92 3 Gopman JM, Djajadiningrat RS, Baumgarten AS et al. Predicting postoperative complications of inguinal lymph node dissection for penile cancer in an international multicenter cohort. BJU Int 2015; 116: 196–201 4 Lam W, Alnajjar HM, La-Touche S et al. Dynamic sentinel lymph node biopsy in patients with invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the penis: a prospective study of the long-term outcome of 500 inguinal basins assessed at a single institution. Eur Urol 2013; 63: 657–63 5 Tobias-Machado M, Tavares A, Ornellas AA, Molina WR Jr, Juliano RV, Wroclawski ER. Video endoscopic inguinal lymphadenectomy: a new minimally invasive procedure for radical management of inguinal nodes in patients with penile squamous cell carcinoma. J Urol 2007; 177: 953–8 6 Matin SF, Cormier JN, Ward JF et al. Phase 1 prospective evaluation of the oncological adequacy of robotic assisted video-endoscopic inguinal lymphadenectomy in patients with penile carcinoma. BJU Int 2013; 111: 1068–74