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The RAZOR (randomized open vs robotic cystectomy) trial: study design and trial update
Author(s) -
Smith Norm D.,
Castle Erik P.,
Gonzalgo Mark L.,
Svatek Robert S.,
Weizer Alon Z.,
Montgomery Jeffrey S.,
Pruthi Raj S.,
Woods Michael E.,
Tollefson Matthew K.,
Konety Badrinath R.,
Shabsigh Ahmad,
Krupski Tracey,
Barocas Daniel A.,
Dash Atreya,
Quek Marcus L.,
Kibel Adam S.,
Parekh Dipen J.
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
bju international
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.773
H-Index - 148
eISSN - 1464-410X
pISSN - 1464-4096
DOI - 10.1111/bju.12699
Subject(s) - cystectomy , medicine , randomized controlled trial , bladder cancer , clinical endpoint , urinary diversion , accrual , clinical trial , quality of life (healthcare) , surgery , general surgery , cancer , nursing , accounting , earnings , business
The purpose of the RAZOR (randomized open vs robotic cystectomy) study is to compare open radical cystectomy ( ORC ) vs robot‐assisted RC ( RARC ), pelvic lymph node dissection ( PLND ) and urinary diversion for oncological outcomes, complications and health‐related quality of life ( HRQL ) measures with a primary endpoint of 2‐year progression‐free survival ( PFS ). RAZOR is a multi‐institutional, randomized, non‐inferior, phase III trial that will enrol at least 320 patients with T 1– T 4, N 0– N 1, M 0 bladder cancer with ≈160 patients in both the RARC and ORC arms at 15 participating institutions. Data will be collected prospectively at each institution for cancer outcomes, complications of surgery and HRQL measures, and then submitted to trial data management services Cancer Research and Biostatistics ( CRAB ) for final analyses. To date, 306 patients have been randomized and accrual to the RAZOR trial is expected to conclude in 2014. In this study, we report the RAZOR trial experimental design, objectives, data safety, and monitoring, and accrual update. The RAZOR trial is a landmark study in urological oncology, randomizing T 1– T 4, N 0– N 1, M 0 patients with bladder cancer to ORC vs RARC , PLND and urinary diversion. RAZOR is a multi‐institutional, non‐inferiority trial evaluating cancer outcomes, surgical complications and HRQL measures of ORC vs RARC with a primary endpoint of 2‐year PFS . Full data from the RAZOR trial are not expected until 2016–2017.