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Association of diabetes mellitus and metformin use with oncological outcomes of patients with non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer
Author(s) -
Rieken Malte,
Xylinas Evanguelos,
Kluth Luis,
Crivelli Joseph J.,
Chrystal James,
Faison Talia,
Lotan Yair,
Karakiewicz Pierre I.,
Fajkovic Harun,
Babjuk Marek,
KautzkyWiller Alexandra,
Bachmann Alexander,
Scherr Douglas S.,
Shariat Shahrokh F.
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
bju international
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.773
H-Index - 148
eISSN - 1464-410X
pISSN - 1464-4096
DOI - 10.1111/bju.12448
Subject(s) - medicine , metformin , hazard ratio , interquartile range , proportional hazards model , bladder cancer , diabetes mellitus , confidence interval , cancer , disease , gastroenterology , surgery , oncology , endocrinology
Objective To assess the association between diabetes mellitus ( DM ) and metformin use with prognosis and outcomes of non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer ( NMIBC )Patients and Methods We retrospectively evaluated 1117 patients with NMIBC treated at four institutions between 1996 and 2007. Cox regression models were used to analyse the association of DM and metformin use with disease recurrence, disease progression, cancer‐specific mortality and any‐cause mortality.Results Of the 1117 patients, 125 (11.1%) had DM and 43 (3.8%) used metformin. Within a median (interquartile range) follow‐up of 64 (22–106) months, 469 (42.0%) patients experienced disease recurrence, 103 (9.2%) experienced disease progression, 50 (4.5%) died from bladder cancer and 249 (22.3%) died from other causes. In multivariable C ox regression analyses, patients with DM who did not take metformin had a greater risk of disease recurrence (hazard ratio [ HR ]: 1.45, 95% confidence interval [ CI ] 1.09–1.94, P = 0.01) and progression ( HR : 2.38, 95% CI 1.40‐4.06, P = 0.001) but not any‐cause mortality than patients without DM . DM with metformin use was independently associated with a lower risk of disease recurrence ( HR : 0.50, 95% CI 0.27–0.94, P = 0.03).Conclusion Patients with DM and NMIBC who do not take metformin seem to be at an increased risk of disease recurrence and progression; metformin use seems to exert a protective effect with regard to disease recurrence. The mechanisms behind the impact of DM on patients with NMIBC and the potential protective effect of metformin need further elucidation.