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Image visibility of cancer to enhance targeting precision and spatial mapping biopsy for focal therapy of prostate cancer
Author(s) -
Ukimura Osamu,
Castro Abreu Andre Luis,
Gill Inderbir S.,
Shoji Sunao,
Hung Andrew J.,
Bahn Duke
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
bju international
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.773
H-Index - 148
eISSN - 1464-410X
pISSN - 1464-4096
DOI - 10.1111/bju.12124
Subject(s) - medicine , cryotherapy , cryoablation , prostate cancer , biopsy , transrectal ultrasonography , radiology , cancer , cryosurgery , prostate , ablation
Objective To assess the advantages of cancer image visibility when using multiparametric transrectal ultrasonography ( TRUS ) in potential candidates for focal therapy for prostate cancer.Patients and Methods A total of 93 potential candidates for focal cryotherapy underwent grey‐scale and D oppler TRUS ‐guided biopsy. All real‐time TRUS images were recorded, allowing subsequent reviewing for the planning of targeted focal cryotherapy, and/or follow‐up targeted biopsy. The spatial mapping of TRUS ‐visible lesions and targeted sampling areas were individually documented in schematic anatomic drawings of the prostate. Data from the baseline imaging‐targeted biopsies were compared with systematic (non‐targeted) biopsies. Of the 93 patients, 73 patients with low‐ to intermediate‐risk disease were eventually considered to be candidates for hemi‐ablative focal cryosurgery, i.e. cryoablation of one lobe.Results Among the 93 patients, a total of 681 biopsy cores were available for analysis, including imaging‐targeted ( n = 256, 37.5%) and systematic ( n = 425, 62.5%) cores. Of the 256 targeted biopsy cores, 65% ( n = 167) were positive for cancer, compared with 6.2% (26/425) in systematic (non‐targeted) cores ( P < 0.001). A total of 88% (82/93) of the biopsy‐proven cancer index lesions were TRUS ‐visible. When comparing TRUS ‐visible with image‐invisible index lesions, the cancer‐involved core length was 6.1 vs 1.5 mm ( P < 0.001), respectively. Furthermore, the percent of core with involved cancer was 48 vs 16% ( P < 0.001), and the mean Gleason score was 7.0 vs 6.2 ( P < 0.001). With increasing TRUS ‐visible lesion size (<10, 11–15, 16–20, >20 mm), cancer‐involved core length and percent of core with cancer also significantly increased ( P = 0.009 and P = 0.008, respectively).ConclusionsTRUS ‐guided targeted biopsies significantly improved the detection and staging of higher grade and larger volume cancer, compared with image‐blind (non‐targeted systematic) biopsies. Image visibility enhanced the precise targeting and accurate spatial mapping of cancer to help identify more appropriate candidates for focal therapy.