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Urinary diversion after radical cystectomy for bladder cancer: options, patient selection, and outcomes
Author(s) -
Lee Richard K.,
AbolEnein Hassan,
Artibani Walter,
Bochner Bernard,
Dalbagni Guido,
Daneshmand Siamak,
Fradet Yves,
Hautmann Richard E.,
Lee Cheryl T.,
Lerner Seth P.,
Pycha Armin,
Sievert KarlDietrich,
Stenzl Arnulf,
Thalmann Georg,
Shariat Shahrokh F.
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
bju international
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.773
H-Index - 148
eISSN - 1464-410X
pISSN - 1464-4096
DOI - 10.1111/bju.12121
Subject(s) - cystectomy , urinary diversion , medicine , bladder cancer , context (archaeology) , urinary system , surgery , stoma (medicine) , general surgery , urology , cancer , biology , paleontology
Context The urinary reconstructive options available after radical cystectomy ( RC ) for bladder cancer are discussed, as are the criteria for selection of the most appropriate diversion, and the outcomes and complications associated with different diversion options.Objective To critically review the peer‐reviewed literature on the function and oncological outcomes, complications, and factors influencing choice of procedure with urinary diversion after RC for bladder carcinoma.Evidence Acquisition A Medline search was conducted to identify original articles, review articles, and editorials on urinary diversion in patients treated with RC . Searches were limited to the E nglish language. Keywords included: ‘bladder cancer’, ‘cystectomy’, ‘diversion’, ‘neobladder’, and ‘conduit’. The articles with the highest level of evidence were selected and reviewed, with the consensus of all of the authors of this paper.Evidence Synthesis Both continent and incontinent diversions are available for urinary reconstruction after RC . In appropriately selected patients, an orthotopic neobladder permits the elimination of an external stoma and preservation of body image without compromising cancer control. However, the patient must be fully educated and committed to the labour‐intensive rehabilitation process. He must also be able to perform self‐catheterisation if necessary. When involvement of the urinary outflow tract by tumour prevents the use of an orthotopic neobladder, a continent cutaneous reservoir may still offer the opportunity for continence albeit one that requires obligate self‐catheterisation. For patients who are not candidates for continent diversion, the ileal loop remains an acceptable and reliable option.Conclusions Both continent and incontinent diversions are available for urinary reconstruction after RC . Orthotopic neobladders optimally preserve body image, while continent cutaneous diversions represent a reasonable alternative. Ileal conduits represent the fastest, easiest, least complication‐prone, and most commonly performed urinary diversion.