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Role of Immunotherapy in Castration‐Resistant Prostate Cancer ( CRPC )
Author(s) -
Suárez Cristina,
MoralesBarrera Rafael,
Ramos Victor,
Núñez Isaac,
Valverde Claudia,
Planas Jacques,
Morote Juan,
Maldonado Xavier,
Carles Joan
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
bju international
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.773
H-Index - 148
eISSN - 1464-410X
pISSN - 1464-4096
DOI - 10.1111/bju.12110
Subject(s) - docetaxel , cabazitaxel , prostate cancer , medicine , oncology , immunotherapy , cancer , abiraterone acetate , chemotherapy , prostate specific antigen , androgen deprivation therapy
Initial therapy for metastatic prostate cancer consists of androgenic suppression. However, this is only a palliative treatment with an effective duration that usually lasts 12–24 months. Historically, castration‐resistant prostate cancer ( CRPC ) had been considered a chemoresistant tumour. In 2004, docetaxel received USA F ood and D rug A dministration approval as a first‐line treatment for metastatic prostate cancer, after two independent phase III trials showed an increased survival benefit. Recently, five new drugs have shown increased survival in CRPC : sipuleucel‐ T (assymptomatic or minimally symptomatic), abiraterone acetate (before and after docetaxel), cabazitaxel (after docetaxel), MDV 3100 (after docetaxel) and radium‐223 (not suitable for docetaxel or after docetaxel). The identification of antigens in normal prostate tissue or prostate cancer that are recognised by immune effectors cells has resulted in several new studies based on immunotherapy. Prostate cancer disease provides a test system to determine the efficacy of vaccines for different reasons. This cancer is a tumour that grows relatively slowly. Recurrence is often diagnosed early (with many patients presenting only with biochemical progression), there is a biological marker that can predict prognosis and outcome ( PSA doubling time), various specific antigens have been identified and characterised, and vaccines can be used with a good safety profile combined with anti‐androgen therapy, chemotherapy, or radiotherapy. Here we provide a review of the main important immune treatments in CRPC .