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Effective techniques for changing physical activity and healthy eating intentions and behaviour: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Author(s) -
McDermott Máirtín S.,
Oliver Madalyn,
Iverson Don,
Sharma Rajeev
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
british journal of health psychology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.05
H-Index - 88
eISSN - 2044-8287
pISSN - 1359-107X
DOI - 10.1111/bjhp.12199
Subject(s) - psychology , behaviour change , psychological intervention , meta analysis , theory of planned behavior , social cognitive theory , behavior change methods , coping (psychology) , systematic review , clinical psychology , cognition , behavior change , physical activity , developmental psychology , social psychology , medicine , medline , control (management) , physical therapy , psychiatry , management , political science , law , economics
Purpose The primary aim of this study was to review the evidence on the impact of a change in intention on behaviour and to identify (1) behaviour change techniques ( BCT s) associated with changes in intention and (2) whether the same BCT s are also associated with changes in behaviour. Methods A systematic review was conducted to identify interventions that produced a significant change in intention and assessed the impact of this change on behaviour at a subsequent time point. Each intervention was coded using a taxonomy of BCT s targeting healthy eating and physical activity. A series of meta‐regression analyses were conducted to identify effective BCT s. Results In total, 25 reports were included. Interventions had a medium‐to‐large effect on intentions ( d + = 0.64) and a small‐to‐medium effect ( d + = 0.41) on behaviour. One BCT , ‘provide information on the consequences of behaviour in general’, was significantly associated with a positive change in intention. One BCT , ‘relapse prevention/coping planning’, was associated with a negative change in intention. No BCT s were found to have significant positive effects on behaviour. However, one BCT , ‘provide feedback on performance’, was found to have a significant negative effect. BCT s aligned with social cognitive theory were found to have significantly greater positive effects on intention ( d + = 0.83 vs. 0.56, p < .05), but not behaviour ( d + = 0.35 vs. 0.23, ns ), than those aligned with the theory of planned behaviour. Conclusions Although the included studies support the notion that a change in intention is associated with a change in behaviour, this review failed to produce evidence on how to facilitate behaviour change through a change in intention. Larger meta‐analyses incorporating interventions targeting a broader range of behaviours may be warranted.Statement of contribution What is already known on this subject? Prior research on the causal relationship between intention and behaviour has produced mixed findings. Further experimental research to determine the precise nature of these variables is clearly warranted. However, precise guidance on how to change intention is still lacking.What does this study add? This study aimed to identify behaviour change techniques associated with changes in intention and behaviour. Techniques with positive effects on intention were identified; however, these did not have an impact on behaviour. Larger meta‐analyses incorporating interventions targeting a broader range of behaviours may be warranted.