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Graft‐versus‐host disease and graft‐versus‐leukaemia effects in secondary acute myeloid leukaemia: a retrospective, multicentre registry analysis from the Acute Leukaemia Working Party of the EBMT
Author(s) -
Baron Frédéric,
Labopin Myriam,
Savani Bipin N.,
Beohou Eric,
Niederwieser Dietger,
Eder Matthias,
Potter Victoria,
Kröger Nicolaus,
Beelen Dietrich,
Socié Gerard,
ItäläRemes Maija,
Bornhäuser Martin,
Mohty Mohamad,
Nagler Ar
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
british journal of haematology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.907
H-Index - 186
eISSN - 1365-2141
pISSN - 0007-1048
DOI - 10.1111/bjh.16185
Subject(s) - medicine , incidence (geometry) , hazard ratio , gastroenterology , graft versus host disease , myeloid leukaemia , immunology , disease , confidence interval , physics , optics
Summary We assessed the susceptibility of secondary acute myeloid leukaemia (sAML) to graft‐versus‐leukaemia effects. Data from 2414 sAML patients in first ( n = 2194) or second ( n = 220) complete remission were included. They were given grafts from human leucocyte antigen (HLA)‐matched sibling (MSD, n = 1085), 10/10 unrelated donor (MUD, n = 1066) or 9/10 mismatched unrelated donor (MMUD, n = 263). The 100‐day incidence of grade II‐IV acute graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) was 25% while 2‐year incidence of chronic GVHD was 38%. Relapse rates declined steadily by duration of follow‐up and were significantly lower in patients with chronic GVHD ( P < 0·001). Limited (hazard ratio [HR] = 0·66, P < 0·001) and extensive (HR = 0·52, P < 0·001) chronic GVHD were associated with a lower incidence of relapse. Each grade III‐IV acute (HR = 7·04, P < 0·001) as well as limited (HR = 1·42, P = 0·03) and extensive (HR = 3·97, P < 0·001) chronic GVHD were associated with higher non‐relapse mortality (NRM). This translated to better overall survival (OS; HR = 0·61, P < 0·001) in patients with limited chronic GVHD. In contrast, grade III‐IV acute and extensive chronic GVHD were associated with worse OS (HR = 3·16, P < 0·001 and HR = 1·21, P = 0·03, respectively). Further, in comparison to HLA‐identical sibling recipients, MUD recipients had a lower risk of relapse (HR = 0·82, P = 0·03) but higher NRM (HR = 1·38, P = 0·004). In conclusion, these data demonstrate that sAML is susceptible to graft‐versus‐leukaemia effects.