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Recent advances and future directions in targeting the secretory apparatus in multiple myeloma
Author(s) -
Auner Holger W.,
Cenci Simone
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
british journal of haematology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.907
H-Index - 186
eISSN - 1365-2141
pISSN - 0007-1048
DOI - 10.1111/bjh.13172
Subject(s) - proteostasis , proteasome , endoplasmic reticulum , microbiology and biotechnology , effector , biology , autophagy , intracellular , secretion , plasma cell , secretory pathway , unfolded protein response , multiple myeloma , secretory protein , endoplasmic reticulum associated protein degradation , immunology , biochemistry , golgi apparatus , apoptosis
Summary Multiple myeloma is a genetically heterogeneous tumour of transformed plasma cells, terminally differentiated effectors of the B cell lineage specialized in producing large amounts of immunoglobulins. The uniquely well‐developed secretory apparatus that equips normal and transformed plasma cells with the capacity for high‐level protein secretion constitutes a distinctive therapeutic target. In this review we discuss how fundamental cellular processes, such as the unfolded protein response ( UPR ), endoplasmic reticulum ( ER )‐associated degradation and autophagy, maintain intracellular protein homeostasis (proteostasis) and regulate plasma cell ontogeny and malignancy. We summarize our current understanding of the cellular effects of proteasome inhibitors and the molecular bases of resistance to them. Furthermore, we discuss how improvements in our understanding of the secretory apparatus and of the complex interactions between intracellular protein synthesis and degradation pathways can disclose novel drug targets for multiple myeloma, defining a paradigm of general interest for cancer biology and disorders of altered proteostasis.