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The novel proteasome inhibitor carfilzomib induces cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and potentiates the anti‐tumour activity of chemotherapy in rituximab‐resistant lymphoma
Author(s) -
Gu Juan J.,
HernandezIlizaliturri Francisco J.,
Kaufman Gregory P.,
Czuczman Natalie M.,
Mavis Cory,
Skitzki Joseph J.,
Czuczman Myron S.
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
british journal of haematology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.907
H-Index - 186
eISSN - 1365-2141
pISSN - 0007-1048
DOI - 10.1111/bjh.12452
Subject(s) - carfilzomib , rituximab , apoptosis , proteasome inhibitor , chemotherapy , cancer research , lymphoma , cell cycle checkpoint , medicine , proteasome , cell cycle , pharmacology , oncology , immunology , multiple myeloma , biology , cancer , microbiology and biotechnology , biochemistry
Summary Targeting the proteasome system with bortezomib ( BTZ ) results in anti‐tumour activity and potentiates the effects of chemotherapy/biological agents in multiple myeloma and B‐cell lymphoma. Carfilzomib ( CFZ ) is a more selective proteasome inhibitor that is structurally distinct from BTZ . In an attempt to characterize its biological activity, we evaluated CFZ in several lymphoma pre‐clinical models. Rituximab‐sensitive cell lines ( RSCL ), rituximab‐resistant cell lines ( RRCL ), and primary tumour cells derived from B‐cell lymphoma patients were exposed to CFZ or BTZ . Cell viability and changes in cell cycle were determined. Western blots were performed to detect PARP ‐cleavage and/or changes in Bcl‐2 ( BCL 2) family members. CFZ was 10 times more active than BTZ and exhibited dose‐ and time‐dependent cytotoxicity. CFZ exposure induced apoptosis by upregulation of Bak ( BAK 1) and subsequent PARP cleavage in RSCL and RRCL ; it was also partially caspase‐dependent. CFZ induced G2/M phase cell cycle arrest in RSCL . CFZ demonstrated the ability to overcome resistance to chemotherapy in RRCL and potentiated the anti‐tumour activity of chemotherapy agents. Our data suggest that CFZ is able to overcome resistance to chemotherapeutic agents, upregulate pro‐apoptotic proteins to promote apoptosis, and induce G2/M cell cycle arrest in lymphoma cells. Our pre‐clinical data supports future clinical evaluation of CFZ in B‐cell lymphoma.