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Spatial cognition and science achievement: The contribution of intrinsic and extrinsic spatial skills from 7 to 11 years
Author(s) -
Hodgkiss Alex,
Gilligan Katie A.,
Tolmie Andrew K.,
Thomas Michael S. C.,
Farran Emily K.
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
british journal of educational psychology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.557
H-Index - 95
eISSN - 2044-8279
pISSN - 0007-0998
DOI - 10.1111/bjep.12211
Subject(s) - spatial ability , psychology , curriculum , variance (accounting) , association (psychology) , scale (ratio) , developmental psychology , psychological intervention , cognition , academic achievement , scaling , mental rotation , mathematics education , geography , cartography , mathematics , pedagogy , accounting , neuroscience , psychiatry , business , psychotherapist , geometry
Background Prior longitudinal and correlational research with adults and adolescents indicates that spatial ability is a predictor of science learning and achievement. However, there is little research to date with primary‐school aged children that addresses this relationship. Understanding this association has the potential to inform curriculum design and support the development of early interventions. Aims This study examined the relationship between primary‐school children's spatial skills and their science achievement. Method Children aged 7–11 years ( N = 123) completed a battery of five spatial tasks, based on a model of spatial ability in which skills fall along two dimensions: intrinsic–extrinsic; static–dynamic. Participants also completed a curriculum‐based science assessment. Results Controlling for verbal ability and age, mental folding (intrinsic–dynamic spatial ability), and spatial scaling (extrinsic–static spatial ability) each emerged as unique predictors of overall science scores, with mental folding a stronger predictor than spatial scaling. These spatial skills combined accounted for 8% of the variance in science scores. When considered by scientific discipline, mental folding uniquely predicted both physics and biology scores, and spatial scaling accounted for additional variance in biology and variance in chemistry scores. The children's embedded figures task (intrinsic–static spatial ability) only accounted for variance in chemistry scores. The patterns of association were consistent across the age range. Conclusion Spatial skills, particularly mental folding, spatial scaling, and disembedding, are predictive of 7‐ to 11‐year‐olds’ science achievement. These skills make a similar contribution to performance for each age group.