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Associations between and development of cool and hot executive functions across early childhood
Author(s) -
O'Toole Sarah,
Monks Claire P.,
Tsermentseli Stella
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
british journal of developmental psychology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.062
H-Index - 75
eISSN - 2044-835X
pISSN - 0261-510X
DOI - 10.1111/bjdp.12226
Subject(s) - psychology , developmental psychology , working memory , task (project management) , cognition , gratification , cognitive psychology , executive functions , early childhood , social psychology , neuroscience , management , economics
This study explored the development of cool and hot EF skills across early childhood. Children 4.5‐ to 5.5‐years‐old ( N = 80) completed performance‐based assessments of cool EF (inhibition and working memory), hot EF (affective decision‐making and delay of gratification) at three time points across 12 months. Cool EF task performance was consistently correlated with early childhood, but hot EF task performance was not. Performance on cool EF tasks showed significant improvements over early childhood, but performance on hot EF tasks did not. During early childhood performance on delay of gratification and affective decision‐making tasks may therefore be unrelated and show limited sensitivity to improvement.Statement of contribution What is already known about cool and hot EFAn EF model has been proposed that distinguishes between cool‐cognitive and hot‐affective skills. Findings regarding whether cool and hot EF are distinct in early childhood are mixed. Hot EF skills, compared to cool EF abilities, are thought to develop more gradually.What the present study adds to understanding of cool and hot EFPerformance on cool EF tasks and hot delay of gratification were associated in early childhood. Performance on hot EF tasks was not related, meaning they do not tap the same underlying factor. Age related gains in hot EF were not found, but 5‐year‐olds had better hot EF than 4‐year‐olds.