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Morphological alterations in two siblings with autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis associated with CYP 4F22 mutations
Author(s) -
Gruber R.,
Rainer G.,
Weiss A.,
Udvardi A.,
Thiele H.,
Eckl K.M.,
Schupart R.,
Nürnberg P.,
Zschocke J.,
Schmuth M.,
VolcPlatzer B.,
Hennies H.C.
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
british journal of dermatology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.304
H-Index - 179
eISSN - 1365-2133
pISSN - 0007-0963
DOI - 10.1111/bjd.14860
Subject(s) - lamellar ichthyosis , congenital ichthyosis , lamellar granule , ichthyosis , collodion , corneocyte , transepidermal water loss , filaggrin , biology , hyperkeratosis , epidermis (zoology) , atopic dermatitis , genetics , dermatology , stratum corneum , anatomy , medicine , ultrastructure , membrane
Summary Autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis ( ARCI ) caused by mutations in CYP 4F22 is very rare. CyP4F22, a protein of the cytochrome‐P450 family 4, encodes an epidermal ω‐hydroxylase decisive in the formation of acylceramides, which is hypothesized to be crucial for skin‐barrier function. We report a girl with consanguineous parents presenting as collodion baby with contractures of the great joints and palmoplantar hyperlinearity. In the course of the disease she developed fine scaling of the skin with erythroderma, the latter disappearing until the age of 6 months. Her sister showed a generalized fine‐scaling phenotype, and, interestingly, was born without a collodion membrane. The analysis of all known candidate genes for ARCI in parallel with a next‐generation sequencing approach using a newly designed dermatogenetics gene panel revealed a previously unknown homozygous splice‐site mutation c.549+5G>C in CYP 4F22 in both girls, confirming the diagnosis of ARCI . Ultrastructural analysis by transmission electron microscopy in both patients showed epidermal hyperplasia, orthohyperkeratosis with persistence of corneodesmosomes into the outer stratum corneum layers, fragmented and disorganized lamellar lipid bilayers, which could be ascribed to inhomogeneous lamellar body secretion, as well as lamellar body and lipid entombment in the corneocytes. These findings correlated with increased transepidermal water loss on the functional level. For the first time, we report a collodion baby phenotype and epidermal barrier impairment in CyP4F22‐deficient epidermis at both the ultrastructural and functional level, and corroborate the importance of CyP4F22 for epidermal maturation and barrier function.